前言

Python有很多很强大的库，因此而闻名天下，却不知道还有不少的工具包，今天为大家一款包管理和打包的工具poetry

在Python中，对于初学者来说，打包系统和依赖管理是非常复杂和难懂的。即使对于经验丰富的开发者，一个项目总是要同时创建多个文件： setup.py ,requirements.txt,setup.cfg , MANIFEST.in ，还有最新的 Pipfile。

基于此， poetry 将所有的配置都放置在一个 toml 文件中，这些配置包括：依赖管理、构建、打包、发布。

poetry 的灵感来自于其他语言的一些工具： composer(PHP) 和 cargo (Rust) 。

配置

poetry 的项目配置文件是 pyproject.toml ，一个简单的示例文件如下：

[tool.poetry]name = "poetry"version = "0.11.5"description = "Python dependency management and packaging made easy."authors = [    "Sébastien Eustace 
    
     "]license = "MIT"readme = "README.md"homepage = "https://poetry.eustace.io/"repository = "https://github.com/sdispater/poet"documentation = "https://poetry.eustace.io/docs"keywords = ["packaging", "dependency", "poetry"]classifiers = [    "Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools",    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules"]# Requirements[tool.poetry.dependencies]python = "~2.7 || ^3.4"cleo = "^0.6.7"requests = "^2.18"cachy = "^0.2"requests-toolbelt = "^0.8.0"jsonschema = "^2.6"pyrsistent = "^0.14.2"pyparsing = "^2.2"cachecontrol = { version = "^0.12.4", extras = ["filecache"] }pkginfo = "^1.4"html5lib = "^1.0"shellingham = "^1.1"tomlkit = "^0.4.4"# The typing module is not in the stdlib in Python 2.7 and 3.4typing = { version = "^3.6", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }# Use pathlib2 for Python 2.7 and 3.4pathlib2 = { version = "^2.3", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }# Use virtualenv for Python 2.7 since venv does not existvirtualenv = { version = "^16.0", python = "~2.7" }[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]pytest = "^3.4"pytest-cov = "^2.5"mkdocs = "^1.0"pymdown-extensions = "^4.9"pygments = "^2.2"pytest-mock = "^1.9"pygments-github-lexers = "^0.0.5"black = { version = "^18.3-alpha.0", python = "^3.6" }pre-commit = "^1.10"tox = "^3.0"[tool.poetry.scripts]poetry = "poetry.console:main"
    

命令

poetry 提供了一系列覆盖整个开发流程的命令，这些命令使用简单：

poetry 命令

名称 功能

new 创建一个项目脚手架，包含基本结构、pyproject.toml 文件

init 基于已有的项目代码创建 pyproject.toml 文件，支持交互式填写

install 安装依赖库

update 更新依赖库

add 添加依赖库

remove 移除依赖库

show 查看具体依赖库信息，支持显示树形依赖链

build 构建 tar.gz 或 wheel 包

publish 发布到 PyPI

run 运行脚本和代码